For ease of computerization, 0 literature abbreviations have thus far been developed in GRIN-Global for standard references, floras, and serial publications commonly seen in the database. These are only cursorily displayed to public users of GRIN-Global, although for brevity they have been used in publications such as Technical Bulletins 1757 and 1796. They are employed for the 0 literature citations in GRIN that link to 0 accepted and 0 synonym species or infraspecies names. An additional 0 references exist in GRIN-Global for genera, these mainly documenting recent taxonomic revisions or monographs of all or part of a genus or recent phylogenetic studies. Though the number of references presented for a given taxon may be extensive, the listings should not be considered exhaustive. If all reported information (taxonomy, nomenclature, distribution, etc.) is documented in a few references, these might be the only ones cited. Other references may treat the taxon, but add no new information, so these may not be entered in GRIN-Global. This is particularly true for genera with recent comprehensive monographic treatments that are the source of most GRIN-Global taxonomic data for those genera. Other references may be included only to document alternative taxonomic treatments, orthographies, or authorship for a name. Generally these alternatives will be indicated with comments following the reference citation. The absence of a comment can usually be taken to imply correspondence in treatment between GRIN-Global Taxonomy and the particular reference.